Biomarker: VEGFR2

Histology type: endometrial carcinoma

Country: Korea

Region:  Jinju

Followed up time :

Subgroup 1 name : low

Subgroup 1 number: 31

Subgroup 2 name: High

Subgroup 2 number: 29

Conclusion: This study shows that the measurement of VEGFR2 expression may be useful in the preoperative assessment of EC and suggests the possibility of anti-HER2 therapy for EC.

Sample type : tissue

Sample method: immunohistochemical (IHC) staining

Expression pattern : upregulated

Expression elevation: The pattern of immunohistochemical staining was evaluated; in particular, membranous expression of HER2 and cytoplasmic expression of VEGFR2 were noted. The intensity of stained tumor cells was graded as either high or low. Tumor cells with an intensity higher than that of stromal cells and lymphocytes were graded as high, and those with an intensity the same or lower than that of non-tumor cells were graded as low.

Statictics: cutoff<50;cutoff>50

Cohort age: 9;22

Subgroup 1 age: 17;12

Funtion Uniprot: Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for VEGFA, VEGFC and VEGFD. Plays an essential role in the regulation of angiogenesis, vascular development, vascular permeability, and embryonic hematopoiesis. Promotes proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation of endothelial cells. Promotes reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Isoforms lacking a transmembrane domain, such as isoform 2 and isoform 3, may function as decoy receptors for VEGFA, VEGFC and/or VEGFD. Isoform 2 plays an important role as negative regulator of VEGFA- and VEGFC-mediated lymphangiogenesis by limiting the amount of free VEGFA and/or VEGFC and preventing their binding to FLT4. Modulates FLT1 and FLT4 signaling by forming heterodimers. Binding of vascular growth factors to isoform 1 leads to the activation of several signaling cascades. Activation of PLCG1 leads to the production of the cellular signaling molecules diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and the activation of protein kinase C. Mediates activation of MAPK1/ERK2, MAPK3/ERK1 and the MAP kinase signaling pathway, as well as of the AKT1 signaling pathway. Mediates phosphorylation of PIK3R1, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and activation of PTK2/FAK1. Required for VEGFA-mediated induction of NOS2 and NOS3, leading to the production of the signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) by endothelial cells. Phosphorylates PLCG1. Promotes phosphorylation of FYN, NCK1, NOS3, PIK3R1, PTK2/FAK1 and SRC.

UniProt ID: P35968

UniProt Link: https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P35968/entry

Biological function from UniProt: #Angiogenesis #Differentiation #Host-virus interaction

Molecular function from UniProt:

Tissue specificity from UniProt: Detected in cornea (at protein level). Widely expressed.

Subcellular UniProt: #Cell junction #Cell membrane #Cytoplasm #Cytoplasmic vesicle #Endoplasmic reticulum

Alternative name from UniProt:

Catalytic activity: ATP + L-tyrosyl-[protein] = ADP + H+ + O-phospho-L-tyrosyl-[protein]

Activity regulation: Present in an inactive conformation in the absence of bound ligand. Binding of VEGFA, VEGFC or VEGFD leads to dimerization and activation by autophosphorylation on tyrosine residues. Inhibited by the small molecule PTK inhibitor SU5614 ((3Z)-5-Chloro-3-[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one). May be regulated by hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels via a H2S-sensitive intracellular disulfide bond.

Recommended name: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2

CD antigen name: CD309

AlphaFold DB: P35968

AlphaFold Link: https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/entry/P35968

HPA link: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000128052-KDR

Expression figure legend: Representative images of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) staining patterns

Expression figure link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8931867/figure/F2/

Phenotype ID: 602089

Disease: Hemangioma, capillary infantile (HCI)

Note1: Disease susceptibility is associated with variants affecting the gene represented in this entry

OMIM link1: https://www.omim.org/entry/602089

HGNC ID: HGNC:6307

HGNC link: https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:6307