Pubmed Biomarker Sample type Recommended name Description
34360647 BMP Bone morphogenetic protein 2 Our results suggest that BMP signaling promotes EC tumorigenesis, and that TWSG1 antagonizes BMP7 in EC. BMP signaling inhibitors, in combination with chemotherapy, might be useful in the treatment of EC patients.
33208911 LGALS3BP tissue Galectin-3-binding protein We proposed that plasma exosomes containing LGALS3BP contributed to EC growth and angiogenesis during EC progression, which also provided a novel perspective on EC diagnosis and prognosis.
33208911 LGALS3BP tissue Galectin-3-binding protein High LGALS3BP expression was observed in human EC tissue, which indicated a poor prognosis.
30645608 GDF-15 plasma Growth/differentiation factor 15 Elevated plasma level of GDF-15 is associated with aggressive disease and lymph node metastasis in endometrial carcinoma. GDF-15 may be helpful in indicating recurrent disease.
30372483 CD44 tissue CD44 antigen The combination of ALDH1 and CD44 could be a promising marker for developing additional targeted therapy for severe endometrial cancers.
30372483 CD44 tissue CD44 antigen The combination of ALDH1 and CD44 could be a promising marker for developing additional targeted therapy for severe endometrial cancers.
28215640 galectin-3 Galectin-3 Loss or decreased galectin-3 immunoexpression gives a sign for poor prognoses in endometrial carcinoma patients.
28215640 galectin-3 Galectin-3 Loss or decreased galectin-3 immunoexpression gives a sign for poor prognoses in endometrial carcinoma patients.
27873306 ALCAM tissue CD166 antigen In conclusion, our results highlight the potential of ALCAM as a recurrent biomarker in early-stage endometrioid endometrial cancer and point to ALCAM as an important molecule in endometrial cancer dissemination by regulating cell migration, invasion, and metastasis.
27340318 IL-31 serum Interleukin-31 This report is the first one mentioning the possible association between serum IL-31 and IL-33 and endometrial cancer. With their sensitivity and specificity, the interleukins may be useful biomarkers for endometrial cancer's prognosis.
27340318 IL-33 serum Interleukin-33 This report is the first one mentioning the possible association between serum IL-31 and IL-33 and endometrial cancer. With their sensitivity and specificity, the interleukins may be useful biomarkers for endometrial cancer's prognosis.
34360647 BMP Bone morphogenetic protein 7 Our results suggest that BMP signaling promotes EC tumorigenesis, and that TWSG1 antagonizes BMP7 in EC. BMP signaling inhibitors, in combination with chemotherapy, might be useful in the treatment of EC patients.
27079858 clusterin tissue Clusterin The results of our study confirms the diagnostic values of clusterin in supporting the diagnosis of endometrioid carcinoma. When clusterin is expressed in endometrial tumors, it is associated with lower stage. The correlation of clusterin with tumor stage suggests involvement of this molecule in endometrial tumor progression.
26985869 MIF tissue Macrophage migration inhibitory factor MIF was correlated with the occurrence and the development of endometrial cancer, and thus can be used for the early diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial cancer. The present study laid the foundation for identifying new treatments for endometrial cancer.
26842712 NUCB2 tissue Nucleobindin-2 Immunohistochemical NUCB2 status may therefore serve as a potent biomarker for endometrial carcinomas.
26708131 GAL-3 tissue Galectin-3 In conclusion, we found that the two proteins follow the same expression pattern and that their co-expression is strongly correlated with poor prognosis and short survival.
26678075 STN serum CD44 antigen In conclusion, this study is the first to investigate serum STN levels at follow-up, and strongly indicates the potential of STN as a clinically useful prognostic factor for endometrial cancer.
26608413 CD44 tissue CD44 antigen Analysis of our results supports the hypothesis that CD44 expression tends to decrease as the disease becomes invasive and progressive. So, we concluded that CD44 down-regulation might warn of a more aggressive course and may have a link with poorly prognosis carcinosarcomas. Further examination of the expression and function of CD44 and CD133 with a greater number of carcinosarcomas is warranted.
26362938 ANXA2 tissue Annexin A2 Expression levels of ANXA2 and HE4 were closely related to the malignant biological behavior of endometrial carcinoma, and ANXA2 was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis. The expression of ANXA2 and HE4 can affect each other.
26362938 ANXA2 tissue Annexin A2 Expression levels of ANXA2 and HE4 were closely related to the malignant biological behavior of endometrial carcinoma, and ANXA2 was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis. The expression of ANXA2 and HE4 can affect each other.
26308071 PGI tissue Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase AMF/PGI is a potential therapeutic target in endometrial carcinoma.
26308071 PGI serum Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase AMF/PGI is a potential therapeutic target in endometrial carcinoma.
34241773 Galectin-3 Galectin-3 The part Galectin-3 might potentially have in metastasis of cancers and the offering of a better prognosis for patients is of high importance. To date, there is minimal literature regarding the effects of Galectin-3 and more research is required.
26201353 AMF tissue Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase AMF may provide a potential prognostic and therapeutic target in preventing EC progression.
26201353 AMF tissue Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase AMF may provide a potential prognostic and therapeutic target in preventing EC progression.
25355598 HABP1 tissue Complement component 1 Q subcomponent-binding protein, mitochondrial Our results indicated that overexpression of HABP1 may serve as a new biomarker to predict the progression and prognosis of endometrial cancer.
25282036 FolR1 tissue Folate receptor alpha We propose an internally and externally validated 9-protein biomarker signature to predict the histologic type of EC (EEC or SC) by IHC. The results also suggest that mixed EEC-SC is molecularly ambiguous.
25282036 FolR1 tissue Folate receptor alpha We propose an internally and externally validated 9-protein biomarker signature to predict the histologic type of EC (EEC or SC) by IHC. The results also suggest that mixed EEC-SC is molecularly ambiguous.
25219463 ANXA2 tissue Annexin A2 Annexin-A2 as predictor biomarker of recurrent disease in endometrial cancer.ANXA2 demonstrated a predictive value also among low risk Stage I endometrioid endometrial carcinomas, highlighting the clinical utility of ANXA2 biomarker as predictor of recurrent disease in endometrial cancer.
25219463 ANXA2 serum Annexin A2 Annexin-A2 as predictor biomarker of recurrent disease in endometrial cancer.ANXA2 demonstrated a predictive value also among low risk Stage I endometrioid endometrial carcinomas, highlighting the clinical utility of ANXA2 biomarker as predictor of recurrent disease in endometrial cancer.
25219463 ANXA2 serum Annexin A2 Annexin-A2 as predictor biomarker of recurrent disease in endometrial cancer.ANXA2 demonstrated a predictive value also among low risk Stage I endometrioid endometrial carcinomas, highlighting the clinical utility of ANXA2 biomarker as predictor of recurrent disease in endometrial cancer.
25219463 ANXA2 tissue Annexin A2 Annexin-A2 as predictor biomarker of recurrent disease in endometrial cancer.ANXA2 demonstrated a predictive value also among low risk Stage I endometrioid endometrial carcinomas, highlighting the clinical utility of ANXA2 biomarker as predictor of recurrent disease in endometrial cancer.
24756855 S100A4 tissue Protein S100-A4 In conclusion, our results indicate that S100A4 may be a biological marker indicating the recurrence and poor prognosis in patients with EC.
33635467 BMP-10 tissue Bone morphogenetic protein 10 BMP-10 can be adopted as a molecular marker for predicting the poor prognosis of patients with EC.
24692842 HDGF tissue Hepatoma-derived growth factor Our results suggest that high nuclear expression of HDGF is a potential unfavorable factor for the progression and prognosis of EC.
24420153 VEGF serum Vascular endothelial growth factor A The results of the present study suggest that preoperative serum VEGF concentration correlates with the presence of metastases in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma.
24011381 albumin serum Albumin Pre-treatment serum albumin is a novel and independent prognostic parameter for disease-free and progression-free survival in patients with endometrial cancer.
23438672 Visfatin tissue Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase Visfatin is a potential serum biomarker and prognostic factor for EC that may indicate high risk for EC and EC progression. It may also be a novel potential therapeutic target for EC.
23438672 Visfatin serum Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase Visfatin is a potential serum biomarker and prognostic factor for EC that may indicate high risk for EC and EC progression. It may also be a novel potential therapeutic target for EC.
22056701 MMP-9  tissue Matrix metalloproteinase-9 There are obvious differences in expression patterns of MMP-9 in different stages of endometriosis and in endometrial cancer. 
22025313 CXCL12 tissue Stromal cell-derived factor 1 Positive CXCL12 expression was associated with longer overall survival (OS) (log-rank p = 0.006) and longer recurrence-free survival (RFS) (log-rank p = 0.01) in ER negative patients, but not in ER positive patients. We identified a unique molecular signature associated with better OS and RFS in EC patients. In addition to pathological characteristics of the tumor, expression of CXCL12 and ER may be clinically useful for assigning adjuvant treatment to EC cases.
21849525 hPRL tissue Prolactin Tumor expression of hGH in mammary or endometrial carcinoma is associated with a large and significant difference in survival outcome for patients with these tumors.
21849525 hGH tissue Somatotropin Tumor expression of hPRL expression, individually and combined, are associated with worse relapse-free survival and overall survival in patients with mammary or endometrial carcinoma.
21616994 GDF-15 plasma Growth/differentiation factor 15 Based on findings indicated in a primary investigation set and confirmed in the large secondary validation set, we report for the first time plasma GDF-15 as a biomarker for endometrial cancer phenotype, including presence of lymph node metastasis and reduced survival. Its applicability as a predictor of metastatic nodes and in monitoring treatment of endometrial cancer needs to be further studied.
33323854 folate receptor alpha tissue Folate receptor alpha Our study shows expression of FRA in the carcinomatous component of almost all CS（Carcinosarcomas cases） (87%), further favoring FRA as a target for adjuvant treatment
21616994 GDF-15 plasma Growth/differentiation factor 15 Based on findings indicated in a primary investigation set and confirmed in the large secondary validation set, we report for the first time plasma GDF-15 as a biomarker for endometrial cancer phenotype, including presence of lymph node metastasis and reduced survival. Its applicability as a predictor of metastatic nodes and in monitoring treatment of endometrial cancer needs to be further studied.
21616994 GDF-15 tissue Growth/differentiation factor 15 Based on findings indicated in a primary investigation set and confirmed in the large secondary validation set, we report for the first time plasma GDF-15 as a biomarker for endometrial cancer phenotype, including presence of lymph node metastasis and reduced survival. Its applicability as a predictor of metastatic nodes and in monitoring treatment of endometrial cancer needs to be further studied.
21174065 inhibin-α subunit tissue Inhibin alpha chain Inhibin-α subunit expression in uterine endometrioid adenocarcinomas and endometrial cancer cell lines: a potential prognostic factor.
21103625 VEGF tissue Vascular endothelial growth factor A VEGF is important indicators of a poor prognosis in patients with endometrial carcinoma.
21103625 VEGF tissue Vascular endothelial growth factor A VEGF is important indicators of a poor prognosis in patients with endometrial carcinoma.
20715109 HAI-1 tissue Kunitz-type protease inhibitor 1 These findings indicate that HAI-1 could be considered used as favorable prognosis markers for endometrial cancer.
20715109 HAI-1 tissue Kunitz-type protease inhibitor 1 These findings indicate that HAI-1 could be considered as therapeutic targets for endometrial cancer.
19194826 osteopontin plasma Osteopontin By Cox multivariate analysis, osteopontin positivity was an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival (hazard ratio = 3.18, P= 0.035).
19194826 osteopontin tissue Osteopontin By Cox multivariate analysis, osteopontin positivity was an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival (hazard ratio = 3.18, P= 0.035).
19110306 Cathepsin-B tissue Cathepsin B Increased Cathepsin-B expression was found to be predictive of more aggressive tumour behaviour over time and can be regarded as an unfavourable and independent tumour marker for endometrial cancer patients with a long follow-up.
33323854 folate receptor alpha tissue Folate receptor alpha Our study shows expression of FRA in the carcinomatous component of almost all CS（Carcinosarcomas cases） (87%), further favoring FRA as a target for adjuvant treatment
18682706 TFF3 tissue Trefoil factor 3 In conclusion, TFF3 is highly expressed at gene and protein level in G3-EEC. Further investigations on a wider set of samples are warranted to validate TFF3 as a novel serum marker for early detection and/or monitoring of G3-EEC patients.
18682706 TFF3 serum Trefoil factor 3 In conclusion, TFF3 is highly expressed at gene and protein level in G3-EEC.
18422745 Midkine (MK) tissue Midkine MK may be a useful serum biomarker for identifying high risk patients of endometrial carcinoma.
18422745 Midkine (MK) serum Midkine MK may be a useful serum biomarker for identifying high risk patients of endometrial carcinoma.
18055714 CRP serum C-reactive protein Our results suggest that elevated serum CRP levels are associated with a less favorable prognosis in patients with surgically treated endometrial cancer.
17582475 FOLR1 tissue Folate receptor alpha Our data show that FOLR1 overexpression is not only a biomarker associated with endometrial cancer, but it also appears to be a prognostic factor associated with adverse outcome. These findings suggest that FOLR1 may be an appealing target for biological therapies in some types of endometrial carcinomas.
17065588 versican tissue Versican core protein Versican enrichment of the stroma may be associated with tumor progression in endometrial cancer. Stromal versican expression can serve as an indicator of poor prognosis for patients with endometrial cancer.
17065588 versican tissue Versican core protein Versican enrichment of the stroma may be associated with tumor progression in endometrial cancer. Stromal versican expression can serve as an indicator of poor prognosis for patients with endometrial cancer.
17065588 versican tissue Versican core protein Versican enrichment of the stroma may be associated with tumor progression in endometrial cancer. Stromal versican expression can serve as an indicator of poor prognosis for patients with endometrial cancer.
17065588 versican tissue Versican core protein Versican enrichment of the stroma may be associated with tumor progression in endometrial cancer. Stromal versican expression can serve as an indicator of poor prognosis for patients with endometrial cancer.
33323854 folate receptor alpha tissue Folate receptor alpha Our study shows expression of FRA in the carcinomatous component of almost all CS（Carcinosarcomas cases） (87%), further favoring FRA as a target for adjuvant treatment
16820900 Lactoferrin (Lf) tissue Lactotransferrin Survival analysis in EC indicated the architectural, nuclear and combined histologic grades as well as the stage, PR, Ki-67 and NORA as significant parameters. The utilization of Lf as a prognostic marker, able to identify patients at different risk of death, or alternatively, its clinical application as therapeutic agent, must be considered with great caution.
12747468 CD44 variant 6 tissue CD44 antigen CD44 variant 6 in endometrioid carcinoma of the uterus: its expression in the adenocarcinoma component is an independent prognostic marker.
12479072 VEGF serum Vascular endothelial growth factor A The serum level of the VEGF may be used as a new tumor marker of endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer, for diagnoses and monitoring the progress of the disease.
11745191 VEGF tissue Vascular endothelial growth factor A sMVD and the angiogenic factor VEGF are important indicators of a poor prognosis in patients with endometrial carcinoma. VEGF/KDR complexes define a subgroup of patients with endometrial carcinoma with an even worse prognosis.
11745191 VEGF tissue Vascular endothelial growth factor A sMVD is important indicators of a poor prognosis in patients with endometrial carcinoma. VEGF/KDR complexes define a subgroup of patients with endometrial carcinoma with an even worse prognosis.
11504312 VEGF serum Vascular endothelial growth factor A The VEGF endostatin ratio was higher in the advanced stages ( > 1.0) than in the early stages of endometrial carcinoma (< 1.0). indicating that the balance of angiogenic stimulators and inhibitors may regulate metastasis and access tumor progression.
11161861 VEGF tissue Vascular endothelial growth factor A Cytosol VEGF had a good correlation with the disease progression and metastasis in endometrial carcinoma, and it might also be an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival of endometrial carcinoma patients.
11136569 PAI-1 tissue Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 Multivariate analysis revealed that PAI-1 was a predictor of survival although stage was the strongest independent factor.
10831352 Flt-4 tissue Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 Flt-4 overexpression might be a promising prognostic indicator for survival of a patient with endometrial carcinoma.
10027332 cathepsin D (Cat D) tissue Cathepsin D We conclude that Cat D is an independent prognostic factor in endometrial adenocarcinoma, its low levels being associated with a worse clinical outcome.
33208911 LGALS3BP plasma Galectin-3-binding protein We proposed that plasma exosomes containing LGALS3BP contributed to EC growth and angiogenesis during EC progression, which also provided a novel perspective on EC diagnosis and prognosis.
9857223 syndecan-1 tissue Syndecan-1 The detection of syndecan-1 in endometrial cancer of different clinical and histological stages could be of prognostic value in clinical diagnosis.
8664123 cathepsin D tissue Cathepsin D Immunohistochemical detection of cathepsin D could aid in predicting prognosis and planning therapy for patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma.
7909788 EGFR tissue Epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR strongly correlates with tumor metastasis and patient survival in endometrial cancer. Altered expression of this oncoprotein may serve as a guide to prognosis and treatment in these patients.
7740849 cathepsin D tissue Cathepsin D The prognostic value of cathepsin D in endometrial carcinoma.The overexpression of Cathepsin D seems to be important for exact biologic characterization of each endometrial carcinoma with respect to local proteolytic activity. The enhanced activity of cathepsin D may therefore serve as an additional objective malignancy criterion independent of the well-known prognostic factors.
7631667 colony-stimulating factor 1 serum Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor Elevated serum colony-stimulating factor 1 levels were the most accurate indicator of the presence and activity (progression, stabilization, or regression) of primary or recurrent disease. Accuracy was not further enhanced by measurement of CA 125 or the aminoterminal peptide of type III procollagen levels.
33208911 LGALS3BP plasma Galectin-3-binding protein High LGALS3BP expression was observed in human EC tissue, which indicated a poor prognosis.

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