Biomarker: PTEN

Histology type: endometrial carcinoma

Country: China.

Region: Hubei

Followed up time :

Subgroup 1 name : Loss of PTEN expression in endometrial hyperplasia

Subgroup 1 number: 4

Subgroup 2 name: PTEN expression in endometrial hyperplasia

Subgroup 2 number: 67

Conclusion: Loss of PTEN expression is an early event in endometrial tumorigenesis. Detection of PTEN protein may be a diagnostic biomarker for the earliest endometrial precancers and adenocarcinoma.

Sample type : tissue

Sample method: immunohistochemistry

Expression pattern : Loss expression

Funtion Uniprot: Tumor suppressor. Acts as a dual-specificity protein phosphatase, dephosphorylating tyrosine-, serine- and threonine-phosphorylated proteins. Also acts as a lipid phosphatase, removing the phosphate in the D3 position of the inositol ring from phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3,4-diphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate with order of substrate preference in vitro PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 > PtdIns(3,4)P2 > PtdIns3P > Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 (PubMed:26504226, PubMed:16824732). The lipid phosphatase activity is critical for its tumor suppressor function. Antagonizes the PI3K-AKT/PKB signaling pathway by dephosphorylating phosphoinositides and thereby modulating cell cycle progression and cell survival. The unphosphorylated form cooperates with MAGI2 to suppress AKT1 activation. Dephosphorylates tyrosine-phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase and inhibits cell migration and integrin-mediated cell spreading and focal adhesion formation. Plays a role as a key modulator of the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway controlling the tempo of the process of newborn neurons integration during adult neurogenesis, including correct neuron positioning, dendritic development and synapse formation. May be a negative regulator of insulin signaling and glucose metabolism in adipose tissue. The nuclear monoubiquitinated form possesses greater apoptotic potential, whereas the cytoplasmic nonubiquitinated form induces less tumor suppressive ability. In motile cells, suppresses the formation of lateral pseudopods and thereby promotes cell polarization and directed movement.Isoform alpha Functional kinase, like isoform 1 it antagonizes the PI3K-AKT/PKB signaling pathway. Plays a role in mitochondrial energetic metabolism by promoting COX activity and ATP production, via collaboration with isoform 1 in increasing protein levels of PINK1.

UniProt ID: P60484

UniProt Link: https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P60484/entry

Biological function from UniProt: #Apoptosis #Lipid metabolism #Neurogenesis

Molecular function from UniProt:

Tissue specificity from UniProt: Expressed at a relatively high level in all adult tissues, including heart, brain, placenta, lung, liver, muscle, kidney and pancreas.

Subcellular UniProt: #Cytoplasm #Nucleus #Secreted

Alternative name from UniProt:

Catalytic activity: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate) + H2O = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate) + phosphate. $ H2O + O-phospho-L-seryl-[protein] = L-seryl-[protein] + phosphate$ H2O + O-phospho-L-threonyl-[protein] = L-threonyl-[protein] + phosphate $ H2O + O-phospho-L-tyrosyl-[protein] = L-tyrosyl-[protein] + phosphate $ 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate) + H2O = 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate) + phosphate $1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate) + H2O = 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate) + phosphate

Activity regulation: Enzymatic activity is enhanced in the presence of phosphatidylserine.

Recommended name: Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN

Gene name from HGNC: PTEN (BZS, MHAM, MMAC1, PTEN1, TEP1)

HPA class: Cancer-related genes Disease related genes Enzymes Human disease related genes Metabolic proteins Potential drug targets Transcription factors

AlphaFold DB: P60484

AlphaFold Link: https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/entry/P60484

Induction: Down-regulated by TGFB1.

HPA link: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000171862-PTEN

Tissue specificity RNA from HPA: Low tissue specificity

Tissue expression from HPA: Cytoplasmic expression in most tissues.

Single cell type specificity Low cell type specificity

Immune cell specificity: Immune cell enhanced (neutrophil)

Subcellular summary HPA Located in Nucleoplasm, Cytosol

Cancer prognostic summary HPA Prognostic marker in renal cancer (unfavorable)

Pathology link: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000171862-PTEN/pathology

Pathology endo: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000171862-PTEN/pathology/endometrial+cancer

Phenotype ID: 158350$ 158350$ 275355 $608089$ 613028$ 176807$ 605309

Disease: Cowden syndrome 1 (CWS1)$ Lhermitte-Duclos disease (LDD)$ Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC)$ Endometrial cancer (ENDMC)$ No disease ID$ Glioma 2 (GLM2)$Prostate cancer (PC) $Macrocephaly/autism syndrome (MCEPHAS)$ No disease ID$

Note1: The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry

OMIM: 601728

OMIM link1: https://www.omim.org/entry/158350$ https://www.omim.org/entry/158350$ https://www.omim.org/entry/275355$ https://www.omim.org/entry/608089$ $ https://www.omim.org/entry/613028$ https://www.omim.org/entry/176807$ https://www.omim.org/entry/605309 $

OMIM link2: https://www.omim.org/entry/601728

HGNC ID: HGNC:9588

HGNC link: https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:9588