Biomarker: Prostate-specific membrane antigen

Histology type: endometrioid endometrial carcinoma

Stage: advanced stage

Country: USA

Region: NY

Followed up time :

Conclusion: Prostate-specific membrane antigen expression is a potential prognostic marker in endometrial adenocarcinoma.

Sample type : tissue

Sample method: immunohistochemistry

Expression pattern : underexpression

Expression elevation: For scoring, the intensity and percentage of positive cells were taken into consideration. The intensity was classified in two categories: cases with negative and weak intensity were considered as negative, and cases with moderate and strong intensity were considered as positive. As for percentage of positive cells, cases with <5% positive cells were considered as negative results and cases with >5% positive tumor cells were defined as positive results.

Statictics: Mean ;Range

Cohort age: 66;30-87

Funtion description: Loss of PSMA expression in a subset of EAC cases could be due to epigenetic silencing.

Funtion Uniprot: Has both folate hydrolase and N-acetylated-alpha-linked-acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase) activity. Has a preference for tri-alpha-glutamate peptides. In the intestine, required for the uptake of folate. In the brain, modulates excitatory neurotransmission through the hydrolysis of the neuropeptide, N-aceylaspartylglutamate (NAAG), thereby releasing glutamate. Involved in prostate tumor progression. Also exhibits a dipeptidyl-peptidase IV type activity. In vitro, cleaves Gly-Pro-AMC.

UniProt ID: Q04609

UniProt Link: https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q04609/entry

Molecular function from UniProt:

Tissue specificity from UniProt: Highly expressed in prostate epithelium. Detected in urinary bladder, kidney, testis, ovary, fallopian tube, breast, adrenal gland, liver, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon and brain (at protein level). Detected in the small intestine, brain, kidney, liver, spleen, colon, trachea, spinal cord and the capillary endothelium of a variety of tumors. Expressed specifically in jejunum brush border membranes. In the brain, highly expressed in the ventral striatum and brain stem. Also expressed in fetal liver and kidney. Isoform PSMA' is the most abundant form in normal prostate. Isoform PSMA-1 is the most abundant form in primary prostate tumors. Isoform PSMA-9 is specifically expressed in prostate cancer.

Miscellaneous: PSMA is used as a diagnostic and prognostic indicator of prostate cancer, and as a possible marker for various neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer disease and Huntington disease.pH Dependence Stable at pH greater than 6.5.

Catalytic activity: Release of an unsubstituted, C-terminal glutamyl residue, typically from Ac-Asp-Glu or folylpoly-gamma-glutamates.

Activity regulation: The NAALADase activity is inhibited by beta-NAAG, quisqualic acid, 2-(phosphonomethyl) pentanedioic acid (PMPA) and EDTA. Activated by cobalt.

Gene name from HGNC: FOLH1 (FOLH, GCP2, GCPII, NAALAD1, NAALAdase, PSM, PSMA)

HPA class: Cancer-related genes Enzymes FDA approved drug targets Plasma proteins

AlphaFold DB: Q04609

AlphaFold Link: https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/entry/Q04609

Induction: In the prostate, up-regulated in response to androgen deprivation.

HPA link: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000086205-FOLH1

Tissue specificity RNA from HPA: Tissue enhanced (intestine, prostate)

Tissue expression from HPA: Selective cytoplasmic expression in prostate, kidney tubules, duodenum and small intestine.

Single cell type specificity Cell type enriched (Oligodendrocytes)

Immune cell specificity: Not detected in immune cells

Cancer prognostic summary HPA Prognostic marker in renal cancer (unfavorable), endometrial cancer (favorable) and liver cancer (favorable)

Pathology link: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000086205-FOLH1/pathology

Pathology endo: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000086205-FOLH1/pathology/endometrial+cancer

OMIM: 600934

OMIM link2: https://www.omim.org/entry/600934

HGNC ID: HGNC:3788

HGNC link: https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:3788