Biomarker: Beclin 1

Histology type: endometrioid endometrial carcinoma

Stage: low grade

Country: Greece

Region: Alexandroupolis

Followed up time :

Subgroup 1 name : high reactivity

Subgroup 1 number: 28

Subgroup 2 name: intermediate reactivity;low reacticity

Subgroup 2 number: 46;80

Conclusion: An increased Beclin 1 expression is connected with the most aggressive endometrioid adenocarcinomas, probably as a result of its strong association with tumor hypoxia.

Sample type : tissue

Sample method: monoclonal antibody Beclin 1/immunohistochemical

Expression pattern : high expression

Expression elevation: Beclin 1 reactivity was expressed as a diffusely positive cytoplasmic stain, with an intensity that ranged from strong to weak. The extent of staining was expressed as a percentage of positive tumor cells to total, and was recorded after examining all optical fields at x200 magnification; the mean value was used to score each case. The endometrial tissues were allocated to the following three categories: a) Low Beclin 1 reactivity: strong cytoplasmic tumor cell positivity in <10% of the total tumor cell population, with the remaining cells being weekly positive or negative. b) Intermediate: strong tumor cell positivity between 10-50% of the total c) High: strongly positive tumor cells in N50% of the total.

Funtion Uniprot: Plays a central role in autophagy (PubMed:18570871, PubMed:21358617, PubMed:23184933, PubMed:23974797, PubMed:28445460). Acts as core subunit of the PI3K complex that mediates formation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate; different complex forms are believed to play a role in multiple membrane trafficking pathways: PI3KC3-C1 is involved in initiation of autophagosomes and PI3KC3-C2 in maturation of autophagosomes and endocytosis. Involved in regulation of degradative endocytic trafficking and required for the abcission step in cytokinesis, probably in the context of PI3KC3-C2 (PubMed:20643123, PubMed:20208530, PubMed:23974797, PubMed:26783301). Essential for the formation of PI3KC3-C2 but not PI3KC3-C1 PI3K complex forms. Involved in endocytosis (PubMed:25275521). Protects against infection by a neurovirulent strain of Sindbis virus (PubMed:9765397). May play a role in antiviral host defense.Beclin-1-C 35 kDa localized to mitochondria can promote apoptosis; it induces the mitochondrial translocation of BAX and the release of proapoptotic factors.

UniProt ID: Q14457

UniProt Link: https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q14457/entry

Biological function from UniProt: #Antiviral defense #Apoptosis #Autophagy #Cell cycle #Cell division

Molecular function from UniProt:

Tissue specificity from UniProt: Ubiquitous.

Subcellular UniProt: #Cytoplasm #Cytoplasmic vesicle #Endoplasmic reticulum #Endosome #Golgi apparatus

Alternative name from UniProt:

Cleaved: Cleaved into 2 chains Beclin-1-C 35 kDa Beclin-1-C 37 kDa

Miscellaneous: Expanded poly-Gln tracts inhibit ATXN3-BECN1 interaction, decrease BECN1 levels and impair starvation-induced autophagy (PubMed:28445460)

Recommended name: Beclin-1

Gene name from HGNC: BECN1 (ATG6, VPS30)

AlphaFold DB: Q14457

AlphaFold Link: https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/entry/Q14457

HPA link: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000126581-BECN1

Tissue specificity RNA from HPA: Low tissue specificity

Tissue expression from HPA: General cytoplasmic expression in several tissues.

Single cell type specificity Low cell type specificity

Immune cell specificity: Low immune cell specificity

Subcellular summary HPA Located in Nuclear bodies, Cytosol

Cancer prognostic summary HPA Gene product is not prognostic

Pathology link: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000126581-BECN1/pathology

Pathology endo: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000126581-BECN1/pathology/endometrial+cancer

OMIM: 604378

OMIM link2: https://www.omim.org/entry/604378

HGNC ID: HGNC:1034

HGNC link: https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:1034