Biomarker: emmprin

Histology type: endometrial carcinoma

Country: Japan

Region: Okayama

Followed up time :

Subgroup 1 name : Low expression

Subgroup 1 number: 64

Subgroup 2 name: High expression

Subgroup 2 number: 70

Conclusion: The present findings suggest that emmprin may represent a potential therapeutic target for endometrial cancer.

Sample type : tissue

Sample method: immunohistochemistry

Expression pattern : Low epithelial expression( scores 0–1)

Expression elevation: The levels of emmprin staining in epithelial cells were classified into three groups by scoring the percentages of positive cells: 2, strong, >50% of cells stained; 1, moderate, 10–50% of cells stained; 0, weak, <10% of cells stained.

Statictics: Mean ;Range

Cohort age: 57.7;28-81

Funtion description: Emmprin knockdown by the siRNA led to cell proliferation, migration and invasion through TGF-β, EGF, NF-κB, VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression, which in turn resulted in increased levels of E-cadherin and reduced levels of Vimentin and Snail in endometrial cancer.

Funtion Uniprot: Isoform 1 Essential for normal retinal maturation and development (By similarity). Acts as a retinal cell surface receptor for NXNL1 and plays an important role in NXNL1-mediated survival of retinal cone photoreceptors (PubMed:25957687). In association with glucose transporter SLC16A1/GLUT1 and NXNL1, promotes retinal cone survival by enhancing aerobic glycolysis and accelerating the entry of glucose into photoreceptors (PubMed:25957687). May act as a potent stimulator of IL6 secretion in multiple cell lines that include monocytes (PubMed:21620857).By Similarity2 Publications Isoform 1 (Microbial infection) Erythrocyte receptor for P.falciparum RH5 which is essential for erythrocyte invasion by the merozoite stage of P.falciparum isolates 3D7 and Dd2.1 Publication Isoform 2 Signaling receptor for cyclophilins, essential for PPIA/CYPA and PPIB/CYPB-dependent signaling related to chemotaxis and adhesion of immune cells (PubMed:11943775, PubMed:11688976). Plays an important role in targeting monocarboxylate transporters SLC16A1/GLUT1, SLC16A11 and SLC16A12 to the plasma membrane (PubMed:17127621, PubMed:21778275, PubMed:28666119). Acts as a coreceptor for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (KDR/VEGFR2) in endothelial cells enhancing its VEGFA-mediated activation and downstream signaling (PubMed:25825981). Promotes angiogenesis through EPAS1/HIF2A-mediated up-regulation of VEGFA (isoform VEGF-165 and VEGF-121) and KDR/VEGFR2 in endothelial cells (PubMed:19837976). Plays a key role in regulating tumor growth, invasion, metastasis and neoangiogenesis by stimulating the production and release of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases and KDR/VEGFR2 by both tumor cells and stromal cells (fibroblasts and endothelial cells) (PubMed:12553375, PubMed:11992541, PubMed:15833850).10 Publications Isoform 2 (Microbial infection) Erythrocyte receptor for P.falciparum RH5 which is essential for erythrocyte invasion by the merozoite stage of P.falciparum isolates 3D7, Dd2, 7G8 and HB3 (PubMed:22080952, PubMed:26195724). Binding of P.falciparum RH5 results in BSG dimerization which triggers an increase in intracellular Ca2+ in the erythrocyte (PubMed:28409866). This essential step leads to a rearrangement of the erythrocyte cytoskeleton required for the merozoite invasion (PubMed:28409866).3 Publications Isoform 2 (Microbial infection) Can facilitate human SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1) infection via its interaction with virus-associated PPIA/CYPA.1 Publication Isoform 2 (Microbial infection) Can facilitate HIV-1 infection via its interaction with virus-associated PPIA/CYPA.1 Publication Isoform 2 (Microbial infection) First described as a receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), it is not required for SARS-CoV-2 infection.1 Publication1 Publication Isoform 2 (Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for measles virus.1 Publication Isoform 2 (Microbial infection) Promotes entry of pentamer-expressing human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) into epithelial and endothelial cells

UniProt ID: P35613

UniProt Link: https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P35613/entry

Biological function from UniProt: #Angiogenesis #Host-virus interaction

Molecular function from UniProt:

Tissue specificity from UniProt: Isoform 1 Retina-specific (PubMed:25957687). Expressed in retinal cone photoreceptors (at protein level) (PubMed:25957687). Isoform 2 Expressed in erythrocytes (at protein level) (PubMed:26195724, PubMed:28409866). Highly expressed in melanoma cell lines (at protein level) (PubMed:11992541). Highly expressed in the heart, kidney, skeletal muscle and testis (PubMed:21536654). Isoform 3 Highly expressed in the bone marrow, fetal liver, lung, testis and thymus. Isoform 4 Highly expressed in the bone marrow, fetal liver, lung, testis and thymus.

Subcellular UniProt: #Cell membrane #Cell projection #Endoplasmic reticulum #Endosome #Membrane

Alternative name from UniProt:

Miscellaneous: Biotechnology Isoform 2 Potential candidate for the development of parasite blood stage vaccines. In vitro and in vivo, neutralizing antibodies are capable of inhibiting merozoite invasion of host erythrocytes

Recommended name: Basigin

Gene name from HGNC: BSG (CD147, EMMPRIN, EMPRIN, OK)

CD antigen name: CD147

HPA class: Blood group antigen proteins CD markers Transporters

AlphaFold DB: P35613

AlphaFold Link: https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/entry/P35613

HPA link: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000172270-BSG

Tissue specificity RNA from HPA: Tissue enhanced (heart muscle)

Tissue expression from HPA: Membranous expression in most cell types, including glandular cells, cells in seminiferous ducts, renal tubules, cardiac myocytes and vascular endothelium in the brain.

Single cell type specificity Cell type enhanced (Syncytiotrophoblasts, Cytotrophoblasts)

Immune cell specificity: Low immune cell specificity

Subcellular summary HPA Located in Vesicles

Cancer prognostic summary HPA Prognostic marker in renal cancer (favorable), liver cancer (unfavorable) and endometrial cancer (favorable)

Pathology link: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000172270-BSG/pathology

Pathology endo: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000172270-BSG/pathology/endometrial+cancer

Note2: A number sign (#) is used with this entry because the OK(a-) phenotype results from a mutation in the gene encoding basigin (BSG; 109480). A murine monoclonal antibody produced in response to immunization with a human teratocarcinoma cell line recognizes a cell surface antigen expressed by all human cells, including red blood cells. All red cell samples tested reacted positively with the monoclonal antibody except those of a very rare phenotype called OK(a-). Only 3 unrelated OK(a-) propositi were known to Williams et al. (1987), who found that the cells in all 3 were negative for the monoclonal antibody. Further tests suggested that the immune antibody found in the serum of some OK(a-) persons recognized the same cell surface determinant as did the monoclonal antibody. The determinant was found on the red cells of gorillas and chimpanzees but not on the red cells of rhesus monkeys, baboons, and marmosets. Indirect radioimmunoassay of reactivity to the monoclonal antibody by somatic cell hybrids located the gene to 19pter-p13.2. By biochemical, immunochemical, and micropeptide sequencing analyses, Spring et al. (1997) determined that the OK blood group antigen is identical to the M6 leukocyte activation antigen, also called BSG. They identified a mutation in the BSG gene (109480.0001) that resulted in the OK(a-) phenotype in 2 Japanese sisters and an unrelated Japanese donor. The authors noted that the OK(a-) phenotype had only been identified in 8 families, all which were Japanese.

OMIM: 109480;111380;

OMIM link2: https://www.omim.org/entry/109480

Phenotype: [Blood group, OK]

HGNC ID: HGNC:1116

HGNC link: https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:1116