Biomarker: S100A4

Histology type: endometrial carcinoma

Country: Korea

Region: Pusan

Followed up time :

Subgroup 1 name : negative

Subgroup 1 number: 100

Subgroup 2 name: positive

Subgroup 2 number: 35

Conclusion: In conclusion, our results indicate that S100A4 may be a biological marker indicating the recurrence and poor prognosis in patients with EC.

Sample type : tissue

Sample method: immunohistochemistry

Expression pattern : cytoplasmic expression(≥2 points,percentage of positively stained tumor cells and intensity of immunohistochemistry were multiplied and the results served as the immunoreactive score;)

Expression elevation: S100A4 immunoreactivity was characterized by cytoplasmic and/or nuclear staining in tumor cells. The results of the immunohistochemical staining for S100A4 were evaluated based on the intensity of immunohistochemistry (none, 0; weak, 1+; moderate, 2+; or strong, 3+) as well as the percentage of positively stained tumor cells (0, none; 1, <10%; 2, 10-49%; and 3, 50-100%). These two values were multiplied and the results served as the immunoreactive score; the negative and positive immunoreactivity were defined as 0 or 1 point and ≥2 points, respectively.

Funtion Uniprot: Calcium-binding protein that plays a role in various cellular processes including motility, angiogenesis, cell differentiation, apoptosis, and autophagy (PubMed:16707441, PubMed:23752197, PubMed:30713770). Increases cell motility and invasiveness by interacting with non-muscle myosin heavy chain (NMMHC) IIA/MYH9 (PubMed:16707441). Mechanistically, promotes filament depolymerization and increases the amount of soluble myosin-IIA, resulting in the formation of stable protrusions facilitating chemotaxis (By similarity). Modulates also the pro-apoptotic function of TP53 by binding to its C-terminal transactivation domain within the nucleus and reducing its protein levels (PubMed:23752197). Within the extracellular space, stimulates cytokine production including granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and CCL24 from T-lymphocytes (By similarity). In addition, stimulates T-lymphocyte chemotaxis by acting as a chemoattractant complex with PGLYRP1 that promotes lymphocyte migration via CCR5 and CXCR3 receptors (PubMed:30713770, PubMed:26654597).

UniProt ID: P26447

UniProt Link: https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P26447/entry

Molecular function from UniProt:

Tissue specificity from UniProt: Ubiquitously expressed.

Subcellular UniProt: #Cytoplasm #Nucleus #Secreted

Alternative name from UniProt:

Recommended name: Protein S100-A4

Gene name from HGNC: S100A4 (18A2, 42A, CAPL, FSP1, MTS1, P9KA, PEL98)

HPA class: Cancer-related genes Plasma proteins

AlphaFold DB: P26447

AlphaFold Link: https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/entry/P26447

HPA link: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000196154-S100A4

Tissue specificity RNA from HPA: Low tissue specificity

Tissue expression from HPA: Distinct expression in infiltrating immune cells in all tissues. Highest levels in urinary bladder, lymphoid tissues and lung.

Single cell type specificity Cell type enhanced (Langerhans cells, monocytes, Macrophages, Kupffer cells, NK-cells, T-cells, Skeletal myocytes)

Immune cell specificity: Low immune cell specificity

Subcellular summary HPA Located in Nucleoplasm, Cytosol (Single cell variability)

Cancer prognostic summary HPA Prognostic marker in head and neck cancer (favorable) and renal cancer (unfavorable)

Pathology link: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000196154-S100A4/pathology

Pathology endo: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000196154-S100A4/pathology/endometrial+cancer

OMIM: 114210

OMIM link2: https://www.omim.org/entry/114210

HGNC ID: HGNC:10494

HGNC link: https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:10494