Biomarker: PGI

Histology type: endometrial carcinoma

Country: China

Region: Shanghai

Study type: Prospective study.

Followed up time :

Subgroup 1 name : EC

Subgroup 1 number: 72

Subgroup 2 name: normal endometrium (NE)

Subgroup 2 number: 32

Conclusion: AMF/PGI is a potential therapeutic target in endometrial carcinoma.

Sample type : tissue

Sample method: immunohistochemistry

Expression pattern : AMF/PGI

Expression elevation: For evaluation of AMF expression, staining intensity was scored as 0 (negative), 1 (weak), 2 (medium), or 3(strong). The extent of staining was scored as 0 (0%), 1 (1%–25%), 2 (26%–50%), 3 (51%–75%), or 4 (76%–100%), according to the percentage of the positively stained areas in relation to the whole tumor area.The sum of the intensity score and the extent score was used as the final staining score (0–7). Tumors with a final staining score of 4 or higher were considered “positive”.

Funtion description: AMF was highly expressed in human EC cell lines and endometrial tissue in EC patients. AMF knockdown reduced the growth, invasion, and migration of the EC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Exogenous PGI stimulation induces the promotion of EC cell migration, invasion, and proliferation, likely through MAPK-ERK1/2 signaling pathway, which suggests that AMF/PGI plays important roles in EC occurrence and progression.

Funtion Uniprot: In the cytoplasm, catalyzes the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate, the second step in glycolysis, and the reverse reaction during gluconeogenesis (PubMed:28803808). Besides it's role as a glycolytic enzyme, also acts as a secreted cytokine: acts as an angiogenic factor (AMF) that stimulates endothelial cell motility (PubMed:11437381). Acts as a neurotrophic factor, neuroleukin, for spinal and sensory neurons (PubMed:3352745, PubMed:11004567). It is secreted by lectin-stimulated T-cells and induces immunoglobulin secretion (PubMed:3352745, PubMed:11004567).

UniProt ID: P06744

UniProt Link: https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P06744/entry

Biological function from UniProt: #Gluconeogenesis #Glycolysis

Molecular function from UniProt:

Subcellular UniProt: #Cytoplasm #Secreted

Alternative name from UniProt:

Catalytic activity: alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate = beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate

Activity regulation: Strongly inhibited by erythrose 4-phosphate.

Recommended name: Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase

Gene name from HGNC: GPI (AMF, NLK)

HPA class: Cancer-related genes Disease related genes Enzymes Human disease related genes Metabolic proteins Plasma proteins Potential drug targets

AlphaFold DB: P06744

AlphaFold Link: https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/entry/P06744

HPA link: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000105220-GPI

Tissue specificity RNA from HPA: Low tissue specificity

Tissue expression from HPA: Cytoplasmic expression at variable levels in most tissues.

Single cell type specificity Cell type enhanced (Late spermatids, Early spermatids)

Immune cell specificity: Low immune cell specificity

Subcellular summary HPA Located in Nucleoplasm, Plasma membrane, Cytosol (Single cell variability)

Cancer prognostic summary HPA Gene product is not prognostic

Pathology link: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000105220-GPI/pathology

Pathology endo: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000105220-GPI/pathology/endometrial+cancer

Phenotype ID: 613470

Disease: Hemolytic anemia, non-spherocytic, due to glucose phosphate isomerase deficiency (HA-GPID)

Note1: The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry

OMIM: 172400

OMIM link1: https://www.omim.org/entry/613470

OMIM link2: https://www.omim.org/entry/172400

HGNC ID: HGNC:4458

HGNC link: https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:4458