Biomarker: CD44

Histology type: endometrial carcinoma

Stage: early stage

Country: Egypt

Region: Zagazig

Study type: cross sectional study

Followed up time :

Subgroup 1 name : EC

Subgroup 1 number: 62

Subgroup 2 name: proliferative endometrium samples

Subgroup 2 number: 15

Conclusion: Analysis of our results supports the hypothesis that CD44 expression tends to decrease as the disease becomes invasive and progressive. So, we concluded that CD44 down-regulation might warn of a more aggressive course and may have a link with poorly prognosis carcinosarcomas. Further examination of the expression and function of CD44 and CD133 with a greater number of carcinosarcomas is warranted.

Sample type : tissue

Sample method: immunohistochemistry

Expression pattern : expression

Expression elevation: The extent of positively stained epithelial cells was estimated and classified on a four-point scale as follows: no staining = 0%, 1 = 1–10%, 2 = 11–25%, 3 = 26–50%, and 4 = 51–100%. The intensity of the immunoexpression was categorized into three groups: weak (+1), moderate (+2), and strong (+3). A final IHS score was obtained by multiplying the score for extent and the score for intensity. Therefore, the combined immunoreactivity score ranged from 0 to 12. We used IHS cut-off point 10 to separate cases with weak to moderate expression from cases with strong expression. According to this, we categorized cases into 3 groups as follows: 0 (absent), IHS ≤ 10 (weak to moderate) and IHS > 10 (strong).

Statictics: Mean (SD)

Cohort age: 57.35 ± 7.799

Funtion Uniprot: Cell-surface receptor that plays a role in cell-cell interactions, cell adhesion and migration, helping them to sense and respond to changes in the tissue microenvironment (PubMed:16541107, PubMed:19703720, PubMed:22726066). Participates thereby in a wide variety of cellular functions including the activation, recirculation and homing of T-lymphocytes, hematopoiesis, inflammation and response to bacterial infection (PubMed:7528188). Engages, through its ectodomain, extracellular matrix components such as hyaluronan/HA, collagen, growth factors, cytokines or proteases and serves as a platform for signal transduction by assembling, via its cytoplasmic domain, protein complexes containing receptor kinases and membrane proteases (PubMed:18757307, PubMed:23589287). Such effectors include PKN2, the RhoGTPases RAC1 and RHOA, Rho-kinases and phospholipase C that coordinate signaling pathways promoting calcium mobilization and actin-mediated cytoskeleton reorganization essential for cell migration and adhesion (PubMed:15123640).

UniProt ID: P16070

UniProt Link: https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P16070/entry

Biological function from UniProt: #Cell adhesion

Molecular function from UniProt:

Tissue specificity from UniProt: Isoform 10 (epithelial isoform) is expressed by cells of epithelium and highly expressed by carcinomas. Expression is repressed in neuroblastoma cells.

Subcellular UniProt: #Cell membrane #Cell projection #Membrane

Alternative name from UniProt:

Recommended name: CD44 antigen

Gene name from HGNC: CD44 (CD44R, CSPG8, HCELL, IN, MC56, MDU2, MDU3, MIC4, Pgp1)

CD antigen name: CD44

HPA class: Blood group antigen proteins Cancer-related genes CD markers FDA approved drug targets Plasma proteins

AlphaFold DB: P16070

AlphaFold Link: https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/entry/P16070

Developmental stage: Expressed in the developing retina between 16 and 19 weeks post-conception, specifically in the outer neuroblastic zone, inner neuroblastic zone, interphotoreceptor zone and the retinal pigment epithelium (at protein level).

HPA link: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000026508-CD44

Tissue specificity RNA from HPA: Tissue enhanced (salivary gland)

Tissue expression from HPA: Cytoplasmic and membranous expression in most epithelial and lymphoid tissues.

Single cell type specificity Cell type enhanced (Langerhans cells, Suprabasal keratinocytes, Basal keratinocytes, Ductal cells, Exocrine glandular cells)

Immune cell specificity: Low immune cell specificity

Cancer prognostic summary HPA Prognostic marker in renal cancer (unfavorable)

Pathology link: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000026508-CD44/pathology

Pathology endo: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000026508-CD44/pathology/endometrial+cancer

Note2: A number sign (#) is used with this entry because the Indian blood group antigens result from a polymorphism in the CD44 gene

OMIM: 107269;172290;

OMIM link2: https://www.omim.org/entry/107269;https://www.omim.org/entry/172290;

Phenotype: 609027;BLOOD GROUP, INDIAN SYSTEM; IN

HGNC ID: HGNC:1681

HGNC link: https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:1681