Biomarker: ALCAM

Histology type: endometrioid endometrial carcinoma

Stage: early stage

Country: Spain

Region: Lleida/(Barcelona/Lleida/Santiago de Compostela/Sevilla

Study type: retrospective multicentre study

Followed up time :

Conclusion: In conclusion, our results highlight the potential of ALCAM as a recurrent biomarker in early-stage endometrioid endometrial cancer and point to ALCAM as an important molecule in endometrial cancer dissemination by regulating cell migration, invasion, and metastasis.

Sample type : tissue

Sample method: immunostaining/(RT-qPCR）

Expression pattern : expression((≥30,t

Expression elevation: ALCAM expression using two criteria: an intensity score (ranging from 1-3) and a % of positive staining cells.The product of the two assessments yielded final values on a scale ranging from 0-300. The cut-off for the dichotomization is set ≥30 corresponding to the first quartile of the distribution of the ALCAM expression value in the cohort.

Funtion Uniprot: Cell adhesion molecule that mediates both heterotypic cell-cell contacts via its interaction with CD6, as well as homotypic cell-cell contacts (PubMed:7760007, PubMed:15496415, PubMed:15048703, PubMed:16352806, PubMed:23169771, PubMed:24945728). Promotes T-cell activation and proliferation via its interactions with CD6 (PubMed:15048703, PubMed:16352806, PubMed:24945728). Contributes to the formation and maturation of the immunological synapse via its interactions with CD6 (PubMed:15294938, PubMed:16352806). Mediates homotypic interactions with cells that express ALCAM (PubMed:15496415, PubMed:16352806). Acts as a ligand for the LILRB4 receptor, enhancing LILRB4-mediated inhibition of T cell proliferation (PubMed:29263213). Required for normal hematopoietic stem cell engraftment in the bone marrow (PubMed:24740813). Mediates attachment of dendritic cells onto endothelial cells via homotypic interaction (PubMed:23169771). Inhibits endothelial cell migration and promotes endothelial tube formation via homotypic interactions (PubMed:15496415, PubMed:23169771). Required for normal organization of the lymph vessel network. Required for normal hematopoietic stem cell engraftment in the bone marrow. Plays a role in hematopoiesis; required for normal numbers of hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow. Promotes in vitro osteoblast proliferation and differentiation (By similarity). Promotes neurite extension, axon growth and axon guidance; axons grow preferentially on surfaces that contain ALCAM. Mediates outgrowth and pathfinding for retinal ganglion cell axons (By similarity).;Isoform 3 Inhibits activities of membrane-bound isoforms by competing for the same interaction partners. Inhibits cell attachment via homotypic interactions. Promotes endothelial cell migration. Inhibits endothelial cell tube formation.;

UniProt ID: Q13740

UniProt Link: https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q13740/entry

Biological function from UniProt: Adaptive immunity, Cell adhesion, Immunity

Molecular function from UniProt:

Tissue specificity from UniProt: Detected on hematopoietic stem cells derived from umbilical cord blood (PubMed:24740813). Detected on lymph vessel endothelial cells, skin and tonsil (PubMed:23169771). Detected on peripheral blood monocytes (PubMed:15048703). Detected on monocyte-derived dendritic cells (at protein level) (PubMed:16352806). Detected at low levels in spleen, placenta, liver (PubMed:9502422). Expressed by activated T-cells, B-cells, monocytes and thymic epithelial cells (PubMed:7760007). Isoform 1 and isoform 3 are detected in vein and artery endothelial cells, astrocytes, keratinocytes and artery smooth muscle cells (PubMed:15496415). Expressed by neurons in the brain. Restricted expression in tumor cell lines. Detected in highly metastasizing melanoma cell lines (PubMed:9502422).

Subcellular UniProt: #Cell membrane #Cell projection #Membrane #Secreted

Alternative name from UniProt:

Recommended name: CD166 antigen

Gene name from HGNC: ALCAM (CD166, MEMD)

CD antigen name: CD166

HPA class: Cancer-related genes CD markers Plasma proteins Transporters

AlphaFold DB: Q13740

AlphaFold Link: https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/entry/Q13740

Induction: Up-regulated by TNF and IFNG (at protein level).

HPA link: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000170017-ALCAM

Tissue specificity RNA from HPA: Tissue enriched (parathyroid gland)

Tissue expression from HPA: Membranous expression in most tissues, including parathyroid gland.

Single cell type specificity Cell type enhanced (Oligodendrocytes, Alveolar cells type 1, Oligodendrocyte precursor cells, Respiratory ciliated cells)

Immune cell specificity: Immune cell enhanced (myeloid DC)

Subcellular summary HPA Located in Vesicles (Single cell variability)

Cancer prognostic summary HPA Prognostic marker in renal cancer (favorable)

Pathology link: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000170017-ALCAM/pathology

Pathology endo: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000170017-ALCAM/pathology/endometrial+cancer

OMIM: 601662

HGNC ID: HGNC:400

HGNC link: https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:400