Biomarker: p16

Histology type: endometrioid endometrial carcinoma

Country: Turkey

Region: Ankara

Study type: retrospective study

Followed up time :

Conclusion: Diffuse p53 and p16 staining provides the most sensitive and specific immunomarkers for differentiating high-grade endometrioid and serous carcinomas.

Sample type : tissue

Sample method: immunohistochemistry

Expression pattern : positive

Expression elevation: For statistical analysis, a semi-quantitative scoring method (percentage × intensity) was used, and ranged from 0 to 15, as previously described. The percentage of staining (scored on a scale of 0-5) and staining intensity (scored on a scale of + to +++; with 0 = negative, + = mild, ++ = moderate, +++ = severe) were assessed. The percentage of staining was scored as follows: 0 = 0%; 1 = 1-5%; 2 = 6-25%; 3 = 25–50%; 4 = 50-75%; and 5 = 75-100%. The scoring of immunohistochemistry was done using a compositional method (intensity × percentage of staining) for all the markers. P16 and p53 staining was also evaluated in a two-tier system where diffuse staining in almost 100% of tumor cells was separately noted. Additionally, p16 and p53 staining was evaluated in a two-tier system where severe staining of cells in more than 95% of the cell population categorized group 1 and the others having less staining than 95% of the cell population constituted group 2.

Statictics: Range

Cohort age: 28- 89

Funtion Uniprot: Acts as a negative regulator of the proliferation of normal cells by interacting strongly with CDK4 and CDK6. This inhibits their ability to interact with cyclins D and to phosphorylate the retinoblastoma protein.

UniProt ID: Q8N726

UniProt Link: https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q8N726/entry#function

Biological function from UniProt: Apoptosis, Cell cycle, rRNA processing, Transcription, Transcription regulation, Ubl conjugation pathway

Molecular function from UniProt:

Subcellular UniProt: #Mitochondrion #Nucleus

Alternative name from UniProt:

Caution: The proteins described here are encoded by the gene CDKN2A, but are completely unrelated in terms of sequence and function to cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (AC P42771) which is encoded by the same gene.

Recommended name: Tumor suppressor ARF

Gene name from HGNC: CDKN2A (ARF, CDK4I, CDKN2, CMM2, INK4, INK4a, MLM, MTS1, p14, p14ARF, p16, p16INK4a, p19, p19Arf)

HPA class: Cancer-related genes Disease related genes Human disease related genes Plasma proteins

AlphaFold DB: Q8N726

AlphaFold Link: https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/entry/Q8N726

HPA link: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000147889-CDKN2A

Tissue specificity RNA from HPA: Tissue enhanced (choroid plexus, pituitary gland)

Tissue expression from HPA: Mainly nuclear expression in most tissues.

Single cell type specificity Cell type enhanced (Late spermatids, Pancreatic endocrine cells, Early spermatids, Respiratory ciliated cells, Basal respiratory cells, Club cells)

Immune cell specificity: Immune cell enhanced (T-reg)

Subcellular summary HPA Located in Nucleoli (Single cell variability)

Cancer prognostic summary HPA Prognostic marker in endometrial cancer (unfavorable), renal cancer (unfavorable), liver cancer (unfavorable) and head and neck cancer (favorable)

Pathology link: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000147889-CDKN2A/pathology

Pathology endo: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000147889-CDKN2A/pathology/endometrial+cancer

OMIM: 600160

OMIM link2: https://www.omim.org/entry/600160

HGNC ID: HGNC:1787

HGNC link: https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:1787