Biomarker: EMP2

Histology type: endometrial carcinoma

Country: USA.

Region: Los Angeles

Followed up time :

Subgroup 1 name : LMS

Subgroup 1 number: 171

Subgroup 2 name: LG-ESS

Subgroup 2 number: 74

Conclusion: Our results collectively suggest that anti-EMP2 therapy may be a novel method of reducing endometrial cancer stem cells.

Expression pattern : over expression

Expression elevation: In order to quantitate EMP2 expression within the tumor, sequential sections were stained and then scored using the following formula (H score): [3(%a) + 2(%b) + 1(%c)]/100, where a, b, and c is the percentage of cells staining at intensity 3, 2, and 1, respectively.

Statictics: Median;Range

Cohort age: 57;20-90

Funtion Uniprot: Functions as a key regulator of cell membrane composition by regulating protein surface expression. Also, plays a role in regulation of processes including cell migration, cell proliferation, cell contraction and cell adhesion. Regulates transepithelial migration of neutrophils into the alveolar lumen, potentially via mediation of cell surface expression of adhesion markers and lipid raft formation (By similarity). Negatively regulates caveolae formation by reducing CAV1 expression and CAV1 amount by increasing lysosomal degradation (PubMed:24814193). Facilitates surface trafficking and formation of lipid rafts bearing GPI-anchor proteins (By similarity). Regulates surface expression of MHC1 and ICAM1 proteins increasing susceptibility to T-cell mediated cytotoxicity (By similarity). Regulates the plasma membrane expression of the integrin heterodimers ITGA6-ITGB1, ITGA5-ITGB3 and ITGA5-ITGB1 resulting in modulation of cell-matrix adhesion (PubMed:16216233). Also regulates many processes through PTK2. Regulates blood vessel endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis by regulating VEGF protein expression through PTK2 activation (PubMed:23439602). Regulates cell migration and cell contraction through PTK2 and SRC activation (PubMed:21637765, PubMed:22728127). Regulates focal adhesion density, F-actin conformation and cell adhesion capacity through interaction with PTK2 (PubMed:19494199). Positively regulates cell proliferation (PubMed:24814193). Plays a role during cell death and cell blebbing (PubMed:12107182). Promotes angiogenesis and vasculogenesis through induction of VEGFA via a HIF1A-dependent pathway (PubMed:23334331). Also plays a role in embryo implantation by regulating surface trafficking of integrin heterodimer ITGA5-ITGB3 (PubMed:16487956). Plays a role in placental angiogenesis and uterine natural killer cell regulation at the maternal-fetal placental interface, however not required in the maternal tissues for a viable pregnancy (By similarity). Involved in the early stages of embryogenic development and cardiogenesis, potentially via regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition timing (By similarity). May play a role in glomerular filtration (By similarity).

UniProt ID: P54851

UniProt Link: https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P54851/entry

Molecular function from UniProt:

Tissue specificity from UniProt: Expressed in ciliary body epithelia, sclera, cornea, and retinal pigment epithelium (at protein level) (PubMed:12710941). Expressed in lung and endometrial tissue; expression is particularly abundant in secretory endometrium (at protein level) (PubMed:12710941). Expressed in placental villous syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts and on the membrane of interstitial trophoblasts (at protein level) (PubMed:28295343).

Subcellular UniProt: #Cell membrane #Cytoplasm #Golgi apparatus #Membrane #Nucleus

Alternative name from UniProt:

Gene name from HGNC: EMP2 (XMP)

HPA class: Disease related genes Human disease related genes

HPA link: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000213853-EMP2

Tissue specificity RNA from HPA: Tissue enhanced (lung)

Tissue expression from HPA: General cytoplasmic expression with additional membranous expression in lung.

Single cell type specificity Group enriched (Alveolar cells type 1, Suprabasal keratinocytes)

Immune cell specificity: Low immune cell specificity

Subcellular summary HPA Located in Nucleoplasm, Cytosol (Single cell variability, CCD Transcript)

Cancer prognostic summary HPA Prognostic marker in renal cancer (unfavorable) and glioma (unfavorable)

Pathology link: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000213853-EMP2/pathology

Pathology endo: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000213853-EMP2/pathology/endometrial+cancer

Expression figure legend: EMP2 and ALDH1 are co-expressed in primary endometrial cancer tumors

Expression figure link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5648618/figure/F6/

Phenotype ID: 615861

Disease: Nephrotic syndrome 10 (NPHS10)

Note1: The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry

OMIM: 602334

OMIM link1: https://www.omim.org/entry/615861

HGNC ID: HGNC:3334

HGNC link: https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:3334